PIP & PROFIT/LOSS CALCULATION
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Understanding how to calculate pip value and profit/loss
requires a basic knowledge of currency pairs and crosses.
(Where the US Dollar is not involved)
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DIRECT RATES
Currency pairs where the USD is the quote currency are referred to as direct rates. This holds true for such currencies as the EUR,GBP, NZD and the AUD.
Currency pairs where the USD is the quote currency are referred to as direct rates. This holds true for such currencies as the EUR,GBP, NZD and the AUD.
Calculating direct Rate Pip Value
Pip stands for "price interest point" and refers to the smallest incremental price move of a currency. Tick size is the smallest possible change in price. Pip value for direct rates are calculated according to the following formula:
Formula: Pip = lot size x tick size
Example for 100,000 GBP/USD contract:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .0001 (tick size) = $10.00 USD
Pip stands for "price interest point" and refers to the smallest incremental price move of a currency. Tick size is the smallest possible change in price. Pip value for direct rates are calculated according to the following formula:
Formula: Pip = lot size x tick size
Example for 100,000 GBP/USD contract:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .0001 (tick size) = $10.00 USD
Calculating Direct Rate P/L (Profit/Loss)
Calculating P/L for direct rates is calculated as follows:
Formula: Selling price - Purchase price = P/L
Calculating P/L for direct rates is calculated as follows:
Formula: Selling price - Purchase price = P/L
Example for 200,000 GBP/USD contract initially bought at 1.7505 then
sold (closed) at 1.7540:
1.7540 (selling price) - 1.7505 (purchase price) = .0035 positive pip difference = 35 pip profit
1.7540 (selling price) - 1.7505 (purchase price) = .0035 positive pip difference = 35 pip profit
To further convert the above P/L to USD, use the following
calculation:
Formula: Pip profit (loss) x lot size x tick size = USD profit (loss)
35 (pip profit) x 200,000 (lot size) x .0001 (tick size) = USD $700 profit
Formula: Pip profit (loss) x lot size x tick size = USD profit (loss)
35 (pip profit) x 200,000 (lot size) x .0001 (tick size) = USD $700 profit
INDIRECT RATES
Most currencies are traded indirectly against the U.S. Dollar (USD), and these pairs are referred to as indirect rates. An example is the USD/CAD (Canadian Dollar). The USD is the "base currency," the CAD is the "quote currency" and the rate quote is expressed as units per USD. An example of a indirect rate is as follows: USD/CAD trading at 1.1500 means that 1 USD = 1.1500 CAD.
Most currencies are traded indirectly against the U.S. Dollar (USD), and these pairs are referred to as indirect rates. An example is the USD/CAD (Canadian Dollar). The USD is the "base currency," the CAD is the "quote currency" and the rate quote is expressed as units per USD. An example of a indirect rate is as follows: USD/CAD trading at 1.1500 means that 1 USD = 1.1500 CAD.
Calculating Indirect Rate Pip Value
Pip stands for "price interest point" and refers to the smallest incremental price move of a currency. Tick size is the smallest possible change in price. Pip value for indirect rates are calculated according to the following formula:
Formula: pip = lot size x tick size / current rate
Example for 100,000 USD/JPY contract currently trading at 120.50:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .01 (tick size) / 120.50 (current rate) = USD $8.30
Pip stands for "price interest point" and refers to the smallest incremental price move of a currency. Tick size is the smallest possible change in price. Pip value for indirect rates are calculated according to the following formula:
Formula: pip = lot size x tick size / current rate
Example for 100,000 USD/JPY contract currently trading at 120.50:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .01 (tick size) / 120.50 (current rate) = USD $8.30
Calculating Indirect Rate P/L (Profit/Loss)
Calculating P/L for indirect rates is calculated as follows:
Formula Selling price - Purchase price = P/L
Example for 100,000 USD/JPY contract initially bought at 120.50 then sold (closed) at 120.30:
120.30 (selling price) - 120.50 (purchase price) = -.20 negative pip difference = 20 pip loss
To further convert the above P/L to USD, use the above "Calculating Indirect Rate Pip Value" as follows:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .01 (tick size) / 120.30 (current rate) = USD $8.31
Therefore: USD $8.31 (pip value) x 20 (pip loss) = USD $166.20 loss
Calculating P/L for indirect rates is calculated as follows:
Formula Selling price - Purchase price = P/L
Example for 100,000 USD/JPY contract initially bought at 120.50 then sold (closed) at 120.30:
120.30 (selling price) - 120.50 (purchase price) = -.20 negative pip difference = 20 pip loss
To further convert the above P/L to USD, use the above "Calculating Indirect Rate Pip Value" as follows:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .01 (tick size) / 120.30 (current rate) = USD $8.31
Therefore: USD $8.31 (pip value) x 20 (pip loss) = USD $166.20 loss
CROSS RATES
Currency pairs that do not involve the USD are referred to as cross rates. Even though the USD is not represented in the quote, the USD rate is usually used in the quote calculation. An example of a cross rate is the EUR/GBP. Again, the EUR is the base currency and the GBP is the quote currency.
Currency pairs that do not involve the USD are referred to as cross rates. Even though the USD is not represented in the quote, the USD rate is usually used in the quote calculation. An example of a cross rate is the EUR/GBP. Again, the EUR is the base currency and the GBP is the quote currency.
Calculating Cross Rate Pip Value
Pip stands for "price interest point" and refers to the smallest incremental price move of a currency. Tick size is the smallest possible change in price. The base quote is the current base pair quote. Pip value for cross rates are calculated according to the following formula:
Formula Pip = lot size x tick size x base quote / current rate
Example for 100,000 EUR/GBP contract currently trading at .6750, and EUR/USD currently trading at 1.1840:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .0001 (tick size) x 1.1840 (EUR/USD base quote) / .6750 (current rate) = USD $17.54
Pip stands for "price interest point" and refers to the smallest incremental price move of a currency. Tick size is the smallest possible change in price. The base quote is the current base pair quote. Pip value for cross rates are calculated according to the following formula:
Formula Pip = lot size x tick size x base quote / current rate
Example for 100,000 EUR/GBP contract currently trading at .6750, and EUR/USD currently trading at 1.1840:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .0001 (tick size) x 1.1840 (EUR/USD base quote) / .6750 (current rate) = USD $17.54
Calculating Cross Rate P/L (Profit/Loss)
Calculating P/L for cross rates is calculated as follows:
Formula Selling price - Purchase price = P/L
Example for 100,000 EUR/GBP contract initially sold at .6760 then bought (closed) at .6750:
.6760 (selling price) - .6750 (purchase price) = .0010 positive pip difference = 10 pip profit
To further convert the above P/L to USD, use the above "Calculating Cross Rate Pip Value" as follows:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .0001 (tick size) x 1.1840 (EUR/USD base quote) / .6750 (current rate) = USD $17.54
Therefore: USD $17.54 (pip value) x 10 (pip profit) = USD $170.54 profit
Calculating P/L for cross rates is calculated as follows:
Formula Selling price - Purchase price = P/L
Example for 100,000 EUR/GBP contract initially sold at .6760 then bought (closed) at .6750:
.6760 (selling price) - .6750 (purchase price) = .0010 positive pip difference = 10 pip profit
To further convert the above P/L to USD, use the above "Calculating Cross Rate Pip Value" as follows:
1 pip = 100,000 (lot size) x .0001 (tick size) x 1.1840 (EUR/USD base quote) / .6750 (current rate) = USD $17.54
Therefore: USD $17.54 (pip value) x 10 (pip profit) = USD $170.54 profit
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